C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u IP, s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT, \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, v.v. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Technologies like NAT and CIDR were solutions born out of this anticipation. However, the only solution to deal with IPv4 is with IPv6<\/a> migration. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 3 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2011, IANA (C\u01a1 quan C\u1ea5p S\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u Internet)<\/a> allocated the last five \/8’s (with exactly 16.7 Million) reserved IPv4s to the five RIRs (Regional Internet Registry). This news was significant because it meant that the \u201cfree and unallocated\u201d IPv4 addresses available from the top authority are officially depleted. So, now, everything is up to each region to intelligently allocate their last \/8 IPv4 space to ISPs, businesses, network operators, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i RIR. APNIC (RIR ch\u00e2u \u00c1 m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh trung b\u00ecnh 400 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2007 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c trung b\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y trong n\u0103m 2011. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a APNIC gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 khi IANA c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd kh\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IANA \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \/8 mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (\/8 l\u00e0 k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u CIDR cho 16 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2011 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 RIR (tham kh\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi: bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 IPv4 CIDR)<\/a>. RIPE NCC b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng \/8 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2019, RIPE NCC \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng \/22 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (1 ngh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9). <\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi RIR; h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng gian IPv4 h\u01a1n, <\/strong>nh\u1eefng IPv4 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c IPv4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c. <\/strong>But every day that goes by, IPv4 addresses are becoming more expensive and harder to obtain. To save some addressing space, many ISPs are already performing wide-scale NATs (Carrier-Grade NATs \u2014 CGNAT<\/a>). But in the long run, the only solution is to migrate to IPv6<\/a>. Other countries, especially from APNIC like Japan, China, and South Korea, have already started to migrate to IPv6, especially since 2011. <\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb! <\/em><\/strong>IPv4 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o giao th\u1ee9c NAT \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng gian \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. NAT v\u1eeba mang l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang v\u1eeba cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Hi\u1ec7n nay, IPv6 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n NAT; c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 nghe nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 IPv6 nh\u01b0ng giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1995! \u1ede giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, IPv6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a IPv6 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea1ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: 3,4^1038, con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 340 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1995 (ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n IPv6) cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, giao th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 adoption<\/a> rates are increasing quickly.<\/strong> Theo th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea c\u1ee7a Google v\u1ec1 IPv6<\/a>, c\u00f3 35% ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang truy c\u1eadp Google qua k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i IPv6 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn (th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2021).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 transition to IPv6<\/a> is inevitable. Sooner or later, IPv6 will be the only proper and efficient way to give everybody an Internet addressing. As mentioned before, it took from 2011 to 2019 for all RIRs to exhaust their free IPv4 pools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n As mentioned earlier, IPv6 addresses are not just longer IPv4s. Some more qualities and complexities make IPv6 a completely different protocol than IPv4. Let\u2019s look at some benefits of chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n An IPv6 address<\/a> is divided into three parts (Network or Site Prefix, Subnet ID, and Host or Interface ID) with a total length of 128 bits. The most significant set of bits (Site Prefix) of the IPv6 address contains the prefix used for routing on the Internet. These IPv6 prefixes can be grouped into single prefix groups (for example, a \/48), and host prefixes can be omitted, making the routing tables a lot smaller and more efficient. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea7u g\u00f3i IPv6 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n IPv4. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 IPv6 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ed5ng ki\u1ec3m tra. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00f3a kh\u1ecfi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i trong giao ti\u1ebfp TCP\/IP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn IPv4 c\u0169 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng ki\u1ec3m tra, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn quy tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u00f3a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh. V\u1edbi IPv6, ph\u00e2n m\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trong g\u00f3i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng NAT. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i duy nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch. K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i IP duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: P2P, ch\u01a1i game v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u IP kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 VoIP v\u00e0 QoS c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n The built-in IPSec does not automatically make IPv6 more secure than IPv4. Although the IPSec field (which provides encryption and authentication) is built-in in the IPv6 header, it is not mandatory to use it. However, implementing IPSec in IPv6 guarantees encryption and authentication, making the protocol more secure than IPv4. Another advantage of IPv6 security<\/a> is that hackers won’t simply scan IPv6 networks the way they did with IPv4. Scanning large IPv6 subnets with randomly allocated addresses is impossible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv4 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nghe trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c g\u00f3i. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp cho c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 ARP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. <\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u00e1t s\u00f3ng\u2014 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c tin nh\u1eafn multicast v\u00e0 anycast. Multicasting cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c lu\u1ed3ng g\u00f3i c\u00f3 b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eedi \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m. C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1eebng v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1eebng g\u00f3i tin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 allows network configuration via a stateless or stateful method. A new procedure referred to as Stateless Address Auto Configuration (SLAAC) requires minimal (if not any) manual IP configuration in networking devices. Stateless means that the device generates its IPv6 address without relying on a third-party server. SLAAC uses the host\u2019s MAC converted as EUI 64-bit format to create a unique address. In addition, the stateful or DHCPv6<\/a> works similarly to DHCPv4, which depends on a server. The advantage of DHCPv6 is that the DHCP server does not need to advertise subnet masks; the local router does it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ef1 do tr\u00ean Internet IPv6 v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i. M\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e0, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eafn v\u00e0o. Trong khi IPv4 c\u0169ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u00ednh di \u0111\u1ed9ng, IPV6 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Migrating to IPv6<\/a> doesn\u2019t just mean replacing IPv4 with IPv6; It means enabling IPv6 to work alongside IPv4. For now, most organizations\u2019 networks depend on IPv4, so for them, it is impossible to migrate to IPv6 in a short time period. Both protocols will need to coexist for some time to be able to transition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 \u0111\u00e1ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv6. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111ang xem vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n sau n\u00e0y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Belarus l\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 IPv6 cho c\u00e1c ISP theo lu\u1eadt. mandatory by law<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt di chuy\u1ec3n IPv6 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Migration from IPv4 to IPv6<\/a> should start with the dual-stack (IPv4 and IPv6) network approach, where computers can use either version (IPv4 or IPv6) to communicate. IPv4 and IPv6 will need to co-exist for many years and provide dual-stack functionality. Dual-stack is already becoming a new norm, especially in areas without free IPv4 space, like Asia, and soon Europe and North America. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i m\u1ed9t giao th\u1ee9c (IPv4 ho\u1eb7c IPv6) b\u00ean trong giao th\u1ee9c kia (IPv4 ho\u1eb7c IPv6). V\u00ed d\u1ee5: n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 hai m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 IPv6 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp qua m\u1ea1ng IPv4, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng IPv6 b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c g\u00f3i IPv4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n A technique that involves translating a protocol into the other. With the translation techniques, IPv6 computers can freely communicate with IPv4 computers. An IPv6 proxy<\/a> is used to translate a protocol to another protocol. This proxy can be a server placed on the end of a network to intercept all IP packets and translate them to the other protocol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Today almost all new devices and OSs have IPv6 compatibility, whether they are deployed in an IPv6 network, is a different question. Your computer certainly has an IPv6 address, and you might not even be aware. In addition, your ISP might also be already using a dual-stack network.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng IPv6 hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 test-my-IPv6<\/a> ho\u1eb7c ipv6-test.com<\/a>B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 IPv6 tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi xem nhanh c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a macOS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng IPv6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh theo m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh (t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng); \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Linux, Windows, Unix v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 di \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u201ct\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i IPv6 (ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi DHCP c\u1ee7a IPv4). <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u00ecn nhanh v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed1i b\u1eb1ng l\u1ec7nh \u201cifconfig\u201d, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv6. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 NAT n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 sang c\u00f4ng khai, v\u00ec v\u1eady IPv6 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ri\u00eang t\u01b0 (t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0) v\u00e0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean Internet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t IPv6 cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 NAT n\u00e0o c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng lo l\u1eafng, tin t\u1eb7c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cao l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t IPSec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ni\u00ean 90 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang, vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang ta h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IPv4 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. Internet \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u IP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb IoT. <\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv4 \u0111ang nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t IP nh\u01b0 IANA v\u00e0 RIR c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra kh\u1ecfi IPv4 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec3n khai IPv6, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng x\u1ebfp ch\u1ed3ng k\u00e9p dual-stack cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 IPv6 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n IPv6 \u0111ang d\u1ea7n b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3 hai phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n IP. S\u1ebd m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n sang IPv6 s\u1ebd ch\u1eadm, nh\u01b0ng IPv6 s\u1ebd s\u1edbm chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf. <\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"chuy\u1ec3n](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/IPv6-migration-1024x531.png\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\nM\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n\n\n\n1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a IPv4. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Daily](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image2-10.png\")
<\/a>
<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"Timeline](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image5-9.png\")
<\/a>
<\/a><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n2. Ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n IPv6.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"Percentage](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image3-10.png\")
<\/a>
\n\n\n\n3. L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
a. C\u1ea3i Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7u Su\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh Tuy\u1ebfn.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
b. \u0110\u1ea7u G\u00f3i D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u \u0110\u01a1n Gi\u1ea3n H\u01a1n. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
c. H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 D\u1ecbch V\u1ee5 M\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u1ed1i \u01afu H\u00f3a. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
d. B\u1ea3o M\u1eadt T\u1ed1t H\u01a1n v\u1edbi IPSec T\u00edch H\u1ee3p v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Gian \u0110\u1ecba Ch\u1ec9 L\u1edbn H\u01a1n. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
e. Ti\u1ebft Ki\u1ec7m B\u0103ng Th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi Lu\u1ed3ng Tr\u1ef1c Ti\u1ebfp: Multicasting <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
f. C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c G\u00e1n IP C\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
g. H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 Di \u0110\u1ed9ng trong IPv6 <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n4. C\u00e1c K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
a. Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang IPv6 b\u1eb1ng Dual-stack. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
b. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
c. D\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt. <\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n5. L\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft IPv6 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadt hay \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![\"IPv6](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image4-9.png\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"IPv6](\"https:\/\/www.rapidseedbox.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/image1-6.png\")
<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\n\n\n\n6. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh. <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i sao ch\u1ecdn RapidSeedbox cho IPv6?
<\/strong>
Th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a IPv4 v\u1edbi IPv6.
T\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.
H\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb IPSec t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7.
IPv6 cung c\u1ea5p c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.
Gi\u1eef k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. <\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n